Historical Factoids #76 to #85
To honour Richmond’s 200th anniversary, local historian Marion Scott is posting factoids about our rich history on her blog, Richmond Heritage. Over the next year you should expect to see 200 pieces of information that you may or may not have already known. We are pleased to reproduce them here with the kind permission of Marion. Visit Marion’s full historical blog here.
Factoid #76.
Patrick McElroy and his family were one of the dominant forces in Richmond life for more than 125 years. 15-year-old Patrick came to Richmond, in 1819, with his father, Sgt. Henry McElroy of the 37th Regiment of Foot. The early history books tell us that the two were merchants. The location of their store is unknown. Sgt. McElroy died in 1844.
The Canadian Directory of 1851 listed Patrick as living on lot 10 on the west side of McBean St. (corner of Strachan). This was the lot where Maria and Andrew Hill had built their Masonic Arms Hotel. By 1850 Andrew had died; Maria had remarried and owned a new house south of the Jock. McElroy family lore, which is substantiated by at least one other oral history, claims some of the logs of the old hotel were incorporated into the new store complex.
By 1851, Patrick was branching out into new endeavours. He was already a notary public and seemed to be grooming his sons to replace him in his mercantile operation. In 1851 his two oldest sons, 22-year-old Henry and John 17, were both clerks in the store. In 1855, the family took advantage of the booming Richmond commercial economy and Henry established his own store further north on McBean St. (area is now the parking lot for Richmond Public School). Unfortunately John, who possibly was being groomed to assume control of Patrick’s store, died in 1861 at the age of 27. This is only the beginning of the McElroy Saga. Many interesting tales can be found at www.mcelroy.ca
Factoid # 77
March 26, 1851 was a sad day in the village as it was marked by the death of arguably the village’s greatest entrepreneur, George Lyon. Captain Lyon’s mills and store were unique features on the village landscape. So too was his memorial. Today as one enters St. John’s Anglican Cemetery from Maitland Street, one’s attention is immediately drawn to the box tomb that marks his grave. In earlier years the tomb was even more pronounced as a fence surrounded the family plot.
Ian White, a member of the Historical Society has extensively researched box tombs. In an article in the GTHS newsletter (2012 #4), Mr. White tells us that box tombs have been popular in the eastern Mediterranean area for almost 1000 years. He says that in Mr. Lyon’s native Scotland they were deterrents to body snatchers. A box tomb is merely a marker and does not contain the body of the deceased, which is buried in the ground beneath. “The box tomb is built of stone as a box the shape of a regular coffin but slightly larger and with a flat slab of stone, known as a ‘ledger’, horizontally covering the box”, writes Mr. White. Limestone markers such as this are rare in Eastern Ontario and appear on the graves of wealthy businessmen and important leaders. The memorial inscription is carved in the ledger and most of George Lyon’s is still legible.
Factoid # 78
One of the most respected men in Richmond in the second half of the 19th century was Joseph Hinton. A merchant, Hinton arrived in the village in the early 1820s and was known for his religious tolerance. In 1836 when St. John’s Anglican Church received a land patent, he was listed on the deed as a church warden. In 1847 Hinton was a featured speaker at a tea commemorating the opening of the Methodist Chapel. Bryon Cook, the author of Introducing William Pittman Lett, asserts that Hinton was a Presbyterian. Movement among the various Protestant denominations was not uncommon among Richmond residents, but unlike many of his contemporaries, and in an era of religious discord, Hinton was not ardently anti-Catholic nor did he support the extreme protestants. His moderate voice was exactly what the village required as the new decade of the 1850s began.
Factoid # 79
With the passing away of the old military elite and then the untimely death of William Lyon in 1854, a leadership vacuum was created in the village; Joseph Hinton stepped forward. From 1855 until 1871, he served as Reeve of Richmond three different times for a total of 12 years. As an incorporated village, Richmond had a seat at County Council. This meant that the 400+ villagers had the same influence as any one of the Townships some of which had 10 times the population. A “warden” chosen by the reeves from among their peers led County Council. Hinton was Warden of Carleton County for several terms, which gave him added prestige and influence. He also held the position of
Justice of the Peace and Coroner. Reports indicate that he was respected for his “disposition and character” and set a fine example for others.
Factoid #80
In 1871 at the age of 73, Joseph Hinton retired from politics and Richmond and decided to relocate to be near his only son, Robert. Joseph and Ann Hinton had raised Robert along with his 3 sisters in Richmond but didn’t hesitate to provide for them with property outside the village. Joseph had always been more than just a local merchant. He liked to farm and had long been involved in acquiring land, particularly in Nepean in the area just west of Bytown.
In 1860, Robert and his new wife had begun to farm on land near the corner of Parkdale Ave and Richmond Rd.
In 1871, Joseph moved into his own tiny house on land that had been part of his son’s farm. Almost immediately Joseph became active in his new community. In 1879, he helped acquire a post office for the area that was called Hintonburg to honour his family. Active until his mid eighties, Joseph died in August 1884 after a short illness. Dave Allston has written a 3-part history of Joseph Hinton and his family. You can find the history at kitchissippimuseum.blogspot.ca beginning on March 3 2018.
Factoid # 81
Grammar schools were present in Upper Canada for more than a half century before the first one was formed in Richmond. Initially the schools were intended to prepare young boys for careers in the ministry (Anglican), law, medicine, and later for admittance to university. The basic curriculum consisted of the classics: Greek and Latin, as well as Euclid geometry, algebra, and English. Each school could be distinctive and the curriculum adjusted to meet the needs of its community or the skills of the instructors. Usually grammar school students were the same age as modern day high school students but in a few cases, students as young as 8 were included. In that case arithmetic, spelling and reading were added to the curriculum. Girls were usually excluded from grammar schools as they were also excluded from the ministry, university and the professions. In some communities the trustees did permit girls to enroll but if this occurred the curriculum was adjusted to include French and the girls were excluded from other courses such as higher mathematics or Greek. What was more common was that girls’ schools were opened where the “young ladies” were taught some combination of English, French, arithmetic, music, art and handicrafts. So in general there was no one formula for post elementary schools in general and grammar schools in particular. However, by the 1850s, grammar schools were becoming under increased provincial control and standardization.
Factoid #82
In the early 1850s an explosion of school construction hit Carleton County including Goulbourn Township. As well as more common schools, the government decided to establish a grammar school in Richmond. The school was to serve not only Richmond students but also those from Goulbourn and nearby portions of Nepean and Marlborough Townships. In 1854, the government appointed Thomas Garland, James Henderson, and James Shillington as trustees of the Richmond Grammar School.
The trustees oversaw the building of a school and recruitment of a teacher. It appears that in the early 1850s, both the new municipal government and grammar school were built on the west side of Lennox St. between Strachan St. and the Jock River. The first teacher was a highly qualified Irishman from Belfast, John Boland Finlay PhD. Mr. Finlay’s tenure was short but his hiring set a standard by which to measure future teachers.
Local superintendents of schools, first Rev. John Flood M.A. and then Rev. Charles Biggar Pettit M.A. (both Anglican ministers) oversaw and reported on the quality of teaching and adherence to the curriculum. Richmond children no longer had to leave home to acquire a higher level of education.
Factoid #83
Every Richmond family seems to have a romantic story involving the first settlers. Most legends involve established themes: a noble ancestor, riches, elopement, betrayal or tragedy. One of my favourites was written by George McElroy and can be found in its entirety on mcelroys.ca
Edward Rielly who built the Rielly House Hotel across from the arena came to Richmond with an interesting history. The following is a summary of Mr. McElroy’s story.
“As a footloose young man in Ireland, his (Rielly’s) main interests were horses, pretty colleens and having a good time. According to all reports he was a handsome man with a lively wit and gift of the gab. He was also famous for his singing and yarn spinning but, darlin’ man that he was, he had a full share of human failings. He was bone idle, liked to gamble, seldom had any money and, in all of his first twenty years of life, had never been able to settle down to a steady job or one woman.” One day he won a claiming race. He took his winnings and sailed to New York. After his money ran out he wandered around working as a coachman, groom, teamster and stableman. His wandering landed him in Philemon Wright’s settlement where he found a job as teamster. He bought a series of horses and finally acquired one that won many races for him.
One day he took his horse to a race meeting at Bell’s Cross (Bell’s Corners). “Bell’s Cross was named after Hugh Bell, a hotel man and land owner who was one of the wealthiest and most influential men in the district. But over and above all of Mr. Bell’s worldly possessions, what he prized most was Sarah, his beautiful sixteen-year-old daughter.” Rielly’s horse won the race. Sarah presented the winner’s purse and Rielly fell madly in love.
Rielly started hanging around Bell’s Hotel but the totally unacceptable young man was kept far away from Sarah. “The beautiful young thing was as carefully guarded and chaperoned as a fairytale princess locked in a castle.””Rielly’s opportunity came when Hugh Bell’s prize Belgian stallion ran amuck and started to kick the stable to matchwood. The horse’s handlers fled for fear of their lives.” Rielly stepped in and quieted the stallion.
The elated Bell hired Rielly to be in charge of his stables. “One of Rielly’s new duties was to act as the Bell family’s coachman and this, he was overjoyed to learn, included driving Miss Sarah to and from Bytown, where she attended school. Predictably, Miss Sarah was soon hooked on Rielly’s blarney and other blandishments and he lost no time in telling her that he loved her dearly and wanted her to become his wife.” She accepted but knowing her father wouldn’t agree, the two eloped.
Rielly hitched his prize racehorse to a buggy and the two headed for Perth. When Hugh Bell realized what was happening, he raised a hue and cry, and offered a substantial reward for stopping the pair. A posse gave chase but soon the heavy workhorses began dropping out. Rielly kept pushing his fine ace horse but eventually it dropped dead.
The two lovers arrived in Perth horseless and penniless but soon married. Eventually Hugh Bell accepted Rielly into the family and gave the couple a 400 acre farm near Richmond and helped Edward to get started in the hotel business. The full story is an example of Irish Ottawa Valley story telling at its finest.
Factoid #84
In the 1850s a major improvement came to the village. Richmond was joined to Bell’s Corners and points east by a “macadamized” road. A Scottish engineer, John McAdam, had pioneered this type of road construction in the early nineteenth century. It was a road with a firm well-packed sub layer of heavy stone (granite was preferred) to support big loads and a top layer of light stone to allow drainage and absorb the wear and tear of traffic. In other words this is what what we might call a gravel road. The Richmond and Nepean Road Company was a private company and made its first declaration in April 1852. The nine miles of road were a massive upgrade over the old trail. At Bell’s Corners it met another existing macadamized road and provided quick access to Bytown. This was especially important for Goulbourn and Richmond farmers and merchants who relied on sales at the Bytown markets.
Factoid #85
To pay for the construction and maintenance of the new macadamized road, and to provide a return to investors, the Bytown and Nepean Road Company established 2 tollbooths. Driving from Richmond, one encountered the first toll at the curve east of what today is Eagleson Road. The second toll was at the big curve entering the Stoney Swamp, east of Fallowfield Hill. Depending on one’s destination the charge was a few pennies. The toll keeper provided the traveler with a note saying whether the fee covered one or both tolls.
